Positive up and negative down (PUND)

pun4d Download scientific diagram | Schematics of PUND method with a) continuous waveform and b) corresponding I-t curve. Schematics of c) pulse-and d) continuous-type triangular waveforms. Applied PUND snal (a) and measured current (b), as function of time for fields below the AFE-FE transition. Global I(E) cycle (c) and I(E) cycle of only the ferroelectric switching contribution

pun4d, Pulsed polarization analyses, also called positive up and negative down (PUND), is one method to measure the polarization properties of a ferroelectric material..